Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication in diabetic patients, with a higher incidence in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (4)
 
The risk of development and progression of diabetic retinopathy is closely associated with the type and duration of diabetes, blood glucose, blood pressure, and possibly lipids.
 
Diabetic retinopathy progresses in an orderly fashion from mild to more severe stages when there is not appropriate intervention. Diabetic retinopathy symptoms may include blurred vision, difficulty reading and vision loss.
 
DR is characterized by the onset of neovascularization at the inner surface of the retina induced by more global retinal ischemia. New vessels on or near the optic disc and new vessels elsewhere in the retina are prone to bleed, resulting in vitreous hemorrhage.
  
DR is not a curable disease, but laser treatment can help prevent major vision loss if detected in the early stages. In the late stages Anti-VEGF therapy could block a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which can stimulate abnormal blood vessels to grow and leak fluid in the retina.