Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease that affects up to 25% of children and 10% of adults 1,2. According to, the Global Report on AD (GBD 2022), about 223 million people are living with AD of which around 43 million are aged 1 to 4.*
 

It has a profound influence on all aspects of quality of life. The disease negatively affects the development of the children. Many adult and adolescent patients with AD suffer from psychological co-morbidities, such as social withdrawal, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, AD can lead to work impairment and financial burden.*

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In AD, the skin's natural barrier is compromised due to a deficiency in filaggrin, a crucial protein for maintaining moisture. This results in dry, cracked skin that allows allergens and irritants to penetrate more easily, triggering inflammation.*

 

AD is driven by an overactive immune response, particularly by Th2 cells, which produce inflammatory molecules like IL-4 and IL-13. This leads to persistent inflammation, itching, and worsens the skin's ability to repair itself.*

 

Many AD patients have excessive growth of Staphylococcus aureus on their skin, which aggravates inflammation and delays healing. The skin microbiome's imbalance contributes to flare-ups.*

 

Everyday factors such as allergens, pollutants, and harsh soaps can easily irritate the compromised skin, leading to worsening symptoms.*

 

Atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, restoring the skin barrier, and reducing inflammation. Effective management typically involves a combination of topical therapies, systemic treatments, and lifestyle modifications tailored to the severity of the condition.*